星期四, 九月 14, 2006

光荣与梦想--威廉・曼彻斯特

[webnote]
[book] 
 
中文名称:光荣与梦想--威廉・曼彻斯特
英文名称:The Glory and the Dream
版本:中文版
发行时间:2005年
简介
GLORY_0.jpg


《光荣与梦想》是美国的一部断代史,作者对1932~1972年四十年间美国社会的各个层面给予了场景宏大又细致入微的描述。

20世纪70年代初,《光荣与梦想》初版,在美国乃至全世界都引起了较为强烈的反响,美国各大报章赞誉纷纷。1979年,商务印书馆曾出版本书的中文简体字版本,在中国广大读者群,尤其是在知识分子中影响深远,也极大地影响了一大批国内记者的写作手法。这些影响至今仍发挥着积极的作用。

世界上的任何国家都有它的发展历程,《光荣与梦想》对美国如何摆脱困境、走出萧条,进而演变成一个超级大国的历程给予了介绍,书中对美国政治、军事、经济、文化、社会生活等方面的描写对当今的读者仍然具有较高的参考价值。现在我们重新出版这部书,乃是希望更多的人通过它了解美国这一段历史,进而更深入地认识当代美国社会。

本书是美国的一部断代史,勾画了从1932年罗斯福总统上台前后,到1972年尼克松总统任期内水门事件的四十年间美国政治、经济、文化,以及社会生活的全景式画卷。这是一部场景宏大,又描写细腻的历史巨著。作者对这四十年间美国历届政府从诞生到终结全过程中的两党纷争和内部分歧,对这一阶段全世界所经历的每一件大事都给予了特别的关注和叙述;同时,对这四十年间发生在全世界,尤其是与美国有关联的方方面面都给予了细致入微的刻画。从"补偿金大军"风潮、经济大萧条、总统竞选、二次世界大战、原子弹爆炸、朝鲜战争、越南战争、肯尼迪遇刺身亡、尼克松卷入水门事件,到美国人的精神风貌、社会时尚、各阶层的生活状况,再到演艺界的奇闻趣事、妇女的流行服装、青少年的时髦追求,甚至英语词汇的最新演变和人们的性观念都做了面面俱到的讲述。对于每一位读者来说,阅读此书是从本质上深刻了解美国的最简单、最有效的方法。

本书在1979年曾由商务印书馆出版发行过,它的面世在当时及以后的漫长岁月里曾在中国读者中引起过较好的反响,甚至对一大批中国记者的写作都产生了极大的影响。在网上,这套《光荣与梦想》的旧书曾经被炒数百元一套,成为传媒人的必读书。在这里提供《光荣与梦想》中文版,再次重温威廉・曼彻斯特在给我们青春期所制造的历史幻觉。

MineZone Wiki | MVance / GettingThingsDone - Notes from Getting Things Done by David Allen

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GettingThingsDone

Notes from Getting Things Done by David Allen

  1. capture all the things that need to get done into a logical and trusted system outside of your head and off your mind
  2. disciplining yourself to make decisions about all the inputs you let into your life, so that you will always have a plan for next actions that you can implement or renegotiate at any moment

Outcomes & Actions

  1. describe in a single sentence the intended successful outcome for the problem or situation
  2. write down the very next physical action required to move the situation forward

Horizontal & Vertical Control (Get Things Off Your Mind and Get Them Done)

  1. horizontal maintains coherence across all activities in which you are involved
  2. vertical manages thinking up and down the track of individual topics and projects

Five Stages of Workflow (Horizontal)

  1. collect things that command our attention (anything personal or professional, big or little, that you think should be different than it currently is and that you have any level of internal commitment to changing)
    1. get it all out of your head
    2. minimize your collection buckets
      • physical in-basket
      • writing paper and pads
      • electronic note taking
      • auditory capture (answering machines, voicemail, dictating equipment)
      • email
    3. empty the buckets regularly
  2. process what they mean and what to do about them
    1. what is it?
    2. is it actionable? YES or NO
      • No
        1. trash
        2. incubate
          1. someday/maybe list
          2. tickler file (suspended or follow-on file; a 3D calendar)
            • 43 folders:
              • 31 Daily Files
              • 12 Monthly Files
              • Tomorrow's Date at the front
        3. reference (reference should be information that can be easily referred to when needed)
      • Yes
        1. What is the next action?
          • do it
          • delegate it
          • defer it
          • Project (anything requiring more than one step to accomplish the desired outcome)
        2. actionable tracking
          1. list of projects
          2. storage or files for project plans and materials
          3. calendar (time specific actions [appointments], day specific actions, day specific information)
          4. list of reminders of next actions
          5. a list of reminders of things you're waiting for (only review as often as they have to be in order to stop wondering about them)
  3. organize the results
  4. review the options
  5. do
    1. choosing actions in the moment
      1. context
      2. time available
      3. energy available
      4. priority

Weekly Review

  1. Loose Papers
    • business cards, receipts, etc. - put in in basket for processing
  2. Process Your Notes
  3. Previous Calendar Data
    • review for remaining action items, reference information, etc.
  4. Upcoming Calendar
  5. Empty Your Head
    • write down any new projects, action items, etc.
  6. Review "Projects" (and Larger Outcome) Lists
    • ensure that at least one kick-start action is in your system for each
  7. Review "Next Actions" Lists
    • Mark off completed actions & review for reminders of further action steps to capture
  8. Review "Waiting For" List
    • Records appropriate actions for any needed follow-up & check off received items
  9. Review Any Relevant Checklists
  10. Review "Someday/Maybe" List
    • Check for any projects that may have become active and transfer them to "Projects" & delete items no longer of interest
  11. Review "Pending" and Support Files
    • Browse through all work-in-progress support material to trigger new actions, completions, and waiting-fors

Models for Making Action Choices

  1. predefined
  2. work as it shows up
  3. defining work

Six Level Model for Reviewing Your Own Work

  1. current actions
  2. current projects
  3. areas of responsibility
  4. 1-2 year goals
  5. 3-5 year vision
  6. big picture view

  • projects: clearly defined outcomes and the next actions to move them towards closure
  • horizontal focus: reminders placed in a trusted system that is reviewed regularly
  • vertical focus: informal back of the envelope planning

Five Steps to Accomplish Any Task (Project Planning)

  1. defining purpose and principles
  2. outcome visioning
  3. brainstorming
  4. organizing
  5. identifying next actions

Five Phases of Natural Planning Techniques

  1. purpose / guiding principles (Why are we doing this?)
  2. mission / vision / goals / sucessful outcome (What would wild success look, sound, or feel like?)
  3. brainstorming (How would we accomplish it?)
    1. view the project from beyond the completion date
    2. envision wild success (suspend "Yeah, but. . .")
    3. capture features, aspects, and qualities you imagine in place
  4. organizing (identify components, subcomponents, sequences, events, and/or priorities; what must occur and in what order? When do we do these things?)
  5. next actions (Where do we start?)
"If the project is off your mind, your planning is sufficient. If it's still on your mind, keep applying the model until it's clear."

Critical Factor of Filing System

  • filing has to be instantaneous and easy
    • One Alpha System
      • consider A-Z organizing unless you need more specific filing
      • reduces number of place something isn't
      • organize by topic, project, person, or company
    • specialized filing may be necessary if amount of reference material on one topic or project exceeds one file drawer.
  • get high quality mechanics and avoid hanging files
  • if you must use hanging files:
    • label files, not the hangers
    • use only one file folder per hanger
    • keep a big supply of plain hangers and new file folder in the front of the drawer
  • purge files once a year
  • encourage a dumpster day at work

Dealing with un-met agreements:

  1. lower standards
  2. do it
  3. renegotiate agreement

"What is the next action?"

"The better you get, the better you'd better get."

SUMMARY

  1. keep everything out of your head
  2. decide actions and outcomes when things first emerge on your radar, instead of later
  3. regularly review and update the complete inventory of open loops of your life and work


Pick up anything around you that you’re wondering what to do with, and apply a simple set of formulae:

  • I don’t need or want it = trash
  • I still need to decide what this means to me = IN basket item
  • I might need to know this information = reference
  • I use it = equipment and supplies
  • I like to see it = decoration
  • When I could possibly move on it, I want to see the action as an option = next action reminder, reviewed when and where it could be done
  • I need to be reminded of this short-term outcome I’ve committed to = project list item, reviewed weekly
  • I need to have this when I focus on a project = support material
  • I might want to commit to this at any time in the future = Someday/maybe list item
  • I might want to commit to this on or after a specific time in the future = calendared or “tickled” item incubated for review on a specific future date
  • I want to achieve this “bigger” outcome = goals, objectives, visions that you review on some longer interval
  • It’s something someone else is doing that I care about = item on Waiting-For list, reviewed at least weekly
  • I need to consider it when I do certain recurring activities = item on a checklist

- from David Allen's Productivity Principles newsletter


See Also:

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Page last modified on May 21, 2006, at 04:44 PM EST

Managing GTD Projects in Outlook

Managing GTD Projects in Outlook   |    Outlining for Outlook


This page last updated 29-Sep-03































Managing GTD Projects in Outlook
I'm sure that the only way to find this website is via a link from the GTD Posting Board at http://www.gettingthingsdone.com/forum_list.php  So if you're here, I'll assume that not much introduction is needed.  These pages are a quick illustration of how to use the built-in capabilities of Outlook to manage your GTD Project List and associated items.

This method is based on treating a Project as if it were an Outlook Contact item.  As a result, you can link all of your associated tasks, contacts, notes, journal entries, documents and any other "objects" to your project, and view them from an Activities Tab, just as you would with a "person" contact.  You can maintain a simple list of projects and "drill down" through the Outlook forms to any level of detail desired.  You can display your Next Actions on any task list or your calendar.  You will have a complete history of your project at any time, and can archive that history if necessary.  You can employ the full sorting, filtering and viewing capability of Outlook on any of your project data.

You can implement this method with no complicated customization of Outlook, though a couple of minor tricks illustrated on these pages will polish the look of your project management.

Here are a few screenshots to give you an idea of where we are going with this.










Follow the steps below for details on implementing this idea.  Most of the setup and implementation will be very natural if you are an Outlook user.  If you are unsure about any of the steps, click on any of the "How To" links, or feel free to Contact Me if some more explanation is needed.


Please Note:  The ideas presented here are for Outlook 2000 and above.  The methodology relies on functionality introduced with Outlook 2000 and not available in Outlook 98.  It was almost a week into the life of these web pages before someone ran into this limitation, so most GTD practitioners must be using 2000.  If you are still with Outlook 98, it's time to get on Microsoft's upgrade gravy train.  Sorry.
Step 1 ... Create a "Projects" folder in your PST
Display the Folder List (View, Folder List)
Right-Click your PST file in the folder list
Select "New Folder"
In the "Create New Folder" window,
name your new folder "Projects"
under "Folder Contains" select "Contact Items"
place the new folder in your default PST
Select "OK"

You'll now have a new folder in the list that is similar to your normal Contacts, Tasks, Notes and Calendar folders.

In the most simple implementation, you are ready to create Projects.  You simply enter your project names as contacts in this new folder.  You don't need to enter any information other than the "Full Name" of your project, though you may want to choose the correct format for the project name in the "File As" field.

However, you can make the use of your new Projects folder a bit more visually appealing, and calming to your sense of order, by creating (or downloading) a custom Projects form.  This form will take the place of the "Contacts" form for inputting and viewing basic Project info.

If you've never created a custom Outlook form, this is a very easy one to start with, so you might want to give it a try.  However, you're welcome to use mine, which can be downloaded from the link below. The key, in either case, is that the form is based on the standard Outlook "Contacts" form.  This provides the ability to link to all your other Outlook items and is really the highlight of this approach.
Step 2 ... Define your Projects form as the default  
Create a new form or download mine (Click here to download) and publish it as the "Project" form in the Projects folder
Right-Click the Projects folder in the folder list
Select "Properties"
Select the "General" tab
In the "Projects Properties" window, select the "Project" form in the drop-down list next to "When posting in this folder, use:"


That's basically all there is to it -- you're ready to go.  If you are accustomed to creating tasks, appointments, journal entries and other items linked to your contacts, you can begin doing so with the Projects now in exactly the same way.  If you would like some additional help and hints on how to do this, then read on...
Step 3 ... Add Projects to your folder
Navigate to your Projects folder
Open a new Project form via the menu (Actions, New Project); or
Double-Click on "Click here to add anew Project" at the top of the Projects list
Fill in the Project Name field
Make any desired notes or outlines in the Notes area of the form
Save the form
Link any desired Contacts or assign any Categories in the normal Outlook fashion
Save and Close the form to add the Project to your Projects List



















Step 4 ... Polish the look of your Projects list
Your Projects folder in Table View probably still looks like a contacts folder, with column headings like "Full Name" or "File As".  To make it look more like a Projects folder, customize the column headings for your table views.  For example,

In a Table View, Right-Click the column label at the top of the column
Select "Format Columns"
In the Format Columns Window, select "Full Name" from the Available Fields, and change the Label to "Project Name"

The table view will now look more like the one in Step 3 above. Repeat this process to re-label any columns in any of your table views.
Step 5 ... Link a Task to your Project
Highlight a Project in your table view of Projects
Right-Click the Project
Select "New Task for Contact"
Fill out the Task Form as you normally would for any Task
Note that your Task is linked to your Project via the Contacts field.

Step 6 ... View your Projects Activities & Links
Open your Project Form
Click on the "Activities" tab

All of your tasks, appointments, journal entries, contacts and notes are displayed.  The view is customizable like any Outlook Table View.




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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